experimentally designed optimized conditions for catalytic performance of nanostructured ruo2 in biginelli reaction

nanostructured ruo2 powders were synthesized via a hydrothermal method at 180 °c for 12 h using 1 and 2 m naoh aqueous solutions. the structure of the obtained nanomaterials was investigated by powder x-ray diffraction (pxrd) technique. the morphology the obtained materials were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (fesem). the technique showed that with changing the reaction rout, the homogeneity of the size and morphology of the synthesized nanomaterials were changed. it was found that the morphology of the obtained materials were spherical particles using 2 m naoh aqueous solution. catalytic performance of the synthesized nanomaterials was investigated in biginelli reactions for the one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1h)-ones (dhpms) using benzaldehyde derivatives, urea and ethylacetoacetate as raw materials. experimental design method was used to obtain optimized reaction conditions. it was found that the optimized conditions were 0.028 g of catalyst, 110 °c reaction temperature and 66 min reaction time.